what did ernest shackleton do

"[6] In his final term at the school he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one. Born 15 February 1874, in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was a popular British Antarctic explorer. [82], Despite the outbreak of the First World War on 3 August 1914, Endurance was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, to "proceed",[g] and left British waters on 8 August. [68] He had been in discussions with Douglas Mawson about a scientific expedition to the Antarctic coast between Cape Adare and Gaussberg, and had written to the RGS about this in February 1910. After landing, Shackleton took part in an experimental balloon flight on 4 February. Thus physicist Reginald James was asked if he could sing;[79] others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look of them, or after the briefest of interrogations. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (/ˈʃækəltən/; 15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. An extended search for an anchorage at King Edward VII Land proved equally fruitless, so Shackleton was forced to break his undertaking to Scott and set sail for McMurdo Sound, a decision which, according to second officer Arthur Harbord, was "dictated by common sense" in view of the difficulties of ice pressure, coal shortage and the lack of any nearer known base. [74], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. When Shackleton returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the midst of the First World War. [146], Shackleton's death marked the end of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, a period of discovery characterised by journeys of geographical and scientific exploration in a largely unknown continent without any of the benefits of modern travel methods or radio communication. [125] He refused a proper medical examination, so Quest continued south, and on 4 January 1922, arrived at South Georgia. This was not his family’s profession. [b][41] In the meantime he had taken a job with wealthy Clydeside industrialist William Beardmore (later Lord Invernairn), with a roving commission which involved interviewing prospective clients and entertaining Beardmore's business friends. "[134], Before the return of Shackleton's body to South Georgia, there was a memorial service held for him with full military honours at Holy Trinity Church, Montevideo, and on 2 March a service was held at St Paul's Cathedral, London, at which the King and other members of the royal family were represented. [112] He returned home in April 1918. in response to the current pandemic. E xplorer Explorer Sir Raymond Priestley said: "For scientific discovery give me [Robert Falcon] Scott; for speed and efficiency of travel give me [Roald] Amundsen; but when disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for [Ernest] Shackleton.". The team’s physician, James, told biographers that Shackleton “did a lot of thinking out loud in the tent but his decisions were definitely his own” (qtd. [27] A record Farthest South latitude of 82° 17' was reached, beating the previous record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink. [62][63] He was honoured by the Royal Geographical Society, who awarded him a Gold Medal; a proposal that the medal be smaller than that earlier awarded to Captain Scott was not acted on. Ernest Shackleton had already made a name for himself as an intrepid explorer, having reached a record southern latitude on his Antarctic expedition of … [49] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26 km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. Ernest Shackleton was an Antarctic explorer that is often cited for his excellent leadership skills. [64] All the members of the Nimrod Expedition shore party received silver Polar Medals on 23 November, with Shackleton receiving a clasp to his earlier medal. "Chiefly alcohol, Boss," replied Macklin. There is a legend that says Shackleton's newspaper article was written a certain way so that he could better narrow down and select candidates for his expedition. Shackleton was then briefly involved in a mission to Spitzbergen to establish a British presence there under guise of a mining operation. [137] A statue of Shackleton designed by Charles Sargeant Jagger was unveiled at the Royal Geographical Society's Kensington headquarters in 1932,[138] but public memorials to Shackleton were relatively few. [62][65] Shackleton was also appointed a Younger Brother of Trinity House, a significant honour for British mariners. On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[30]. His father was a doctor and wanted Ernest to follow in his footsteps. He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine Uruguay, which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjold. [159][160] In 2017, the musical play Ernest Shackleton Loves Me by Val Vigoda and Joe DiPietro made its debut in New York City at the Tony Kiser Theater, an Off-Broadway venue. In 2017 Nancy Koehn argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. This group, despite many hardships, had carried out its depot-laying mission to the full, but three lives had been lost, including that of its commander, Aeneas Mackintosh.[108]. Hussey returned to South Georgia with the body on the steamer Woodville, and on 5 March 1922, Shackleton was buried in the Grytviken cemetery, South Georgia, after a short service in the Lutheran church,[128] with Edward Binnie officiating. (equivalent to £30,590 in 2019[132]) which he bequeathed to his wife. [13] On 17 February 1901, his appointment as third officer to the expedition's ship Discovery was confirmed; on 4 June he was commissioned into the Royal Navy, with the rank of sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. Ernest Shackleton was a well-known Irish and British explorer during the first two decades of the twentieth century. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' In 1880, when Ernest was six, Henry Shackleton gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at Trinity College, Dublin, moving his family into the city. [31], After a period of convalescence in New Zealand, Shackleton returned to England via San Francisco and New York. [56] Shackleton returned to the United Kingdom as a hero, and soon afterwards published his expedition account, Heart of the Antarctic. [74], Shackleton used his considerable fund-raising skills, and the expedition was financed largely by private donations, although the British government gave £10,000 (about £900,000 in 2019 terms). Like many great tales, Shackleton’s story is one of failure. [38] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[39]. On 24 October, water began pouring in. [19] Shackleton's particular duties were listed as: "In charge of seawater analysis. [66] The heroism was also claimed by Ireland: the Dublin Evening Telegraph's headline read "South Pole Almost Reached By An Irishman",[66] while the Dublin Express spoke of the "qualities that were his heritage as an Irishman".[66]. This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier; these depots would hold the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of 1,800 miles (2,900 km) across the continent. Broadcast in the United States on the A&E Network, it won two Emmy Awards.[149]. E xplorer Explorer Sir Raymond Priestley said: "For scientific discovery give me [Robert Falcon] Scott; for speed and efficiency of travel give me [Roald] Amundsen; but when disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for [Ernest] Shackleton.". [110][111] In October 1917, he was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America. The crew of 28 had a meteorologist, a biologist, a carpenter, a physicist, a cook, a photographer, a couple of officers, seamen, firemen, and surgeons. He was destined to become a doctor, according to his father, but Shackleton instead joined the merchant navy when he was 16 and qualified as a master mariner in 1898. [139], In 1959, Alfred Lansing's Endurance: Shackleton's Incredible Voyage was published. [95] This was the first time they had stood on solid ground for 497 days. On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. [38] He was then offered, and accepted, the secretaryship of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (RSGS), a post which he took up on 11 January 1904. [121][122], The plan changed; the destination became the Antarctic, and the project was defined by Shackleton as an "oceanographic and sub-antarctic expedition". [161] Blended with a parallel story of a struggling composer, the play retells the adventure of Endurance in detail, incorporating photos and videos of the journey. [18] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. [29] All 22 dogs died during the march. F Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. The meteorologist was Captain L. Hussey, also an able banjo player. Life-president of … It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. As a young boy, his family moved to England where he started his first formal schooling. Replicating Shackleton’s journey So I decided to give it a go myself. Above, is the notice for employment on the Endurance posted by Shackleton. [21] He also participated, with the scientists Edward Adrian Wilson and Hartley Ferrar, in the first sledging trip from the expedition's winter quarters in McMurdo Sound, a journey which established a safe route on to the Great Ice Barrier. A revival of the vintage—and since lost—formula for the particular brands found has been offered for sale with a portion of the proceeds to benefit the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust which discovered the lost spirits. [13], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. He was, as a shipmate recorded, "a departure from our usual type of young officer", content with his own company though not aloof, "spouting lines from Keats [and] Browning", a mixture of sensitivity and aggression but, withal, sympathetic. The Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. [14][15] Although officially on leave from Union-Castle, this was in fact the end of Shackleton's Merchant Navy service. [117] Shackleton returned to England in early March 1919, full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. Times were hard because of a severe potato crop failure, so his family moved to England, where he would spend the rest of his childhood. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. Ernest Shackleton’s Endurance expedition was the remarkable final chapter in the Heroic Age of Exploration. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered". [104], The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer Duncan Carse, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. On the Endurance, the second in command was the experienced explorer Frank Wild. Its … Was still able to achieve fifth place in his final term at the qualities that made the ”. For leading the 'Endurance ' expedition of 1914-16 Shackleton departed on a adventure... Storm offshore, in Kilkea was taken ill in Tromsø, possibly with a heart attack New Zealand Shackleton... The establishment of a safe base there consequently, Shackleton wanted to to! It won two Emmy Awards. [ 149 ] conditions these men would live in departed South... 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