human activities in wet zone in sri lanka

Sri Lanka’s coastal zone contributes 40 percent to the national GDP and is pivotal for economic development. The most sensitive areas with regard to biodiversity and threats due to development pressures are: (i) the South West and Central wet zone; (ii) the South Eastern According to the typical rainfall patterns and the crop calendar the highest rainfall in Colombo (wet zone) is expected in the months May and October. This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the soils of Sri Lanka. Found inside – Page 3The majority of the endemic species are confined to the lowland Wet Zone of the island . A variety of ... Many of Sri Lankan indigenous plant species are directly or indirectly involved in the sustenance of the people . Furthermore they ... appeared to have been only a little disturbed by human activities . With the influx of ... In that year, Sri Lanka reported the highest forest fire Found inside – Page 133Abstract Agglomeration of anthropogenic activities in coastal zone is remarkable in Sri Lanka as an island nation. Since water is essential for human ... zone is less than 1200 mm [24], average annual evaporation is 1400 mm and average temperature is about 33 °C [25]. resources in the wet zone of Sri Lanka is thus crucially needed to avoid further exploitation and endangering of groundwater resources. These different climatic zones constitute a unique natural feature of the country. Absract Sri Lanka consist of 6.55 million ha of land area where only about 50% is arable due to unsuitable terrain, inland water bodies and forest reservations. of Sri Lanka. The wet zone receives a mean annual rainfall of 2,500 mm, mostly during the two monsoon seasons. Annual rainfall for each climate zone is over 2,000 mm/year for wet zones, between 1,500-2,000 mm for intermediate zones and 1,500 mm/year for dry zones (IGES 2007). 2020, United States supplied 11 percent of Sri Lanka’s wheat imports. Found inside – Page 4Situation Upto the British Period Human interference with the natural environment would have been greatest in and around ... activities of King Parakramabahu I ( 1164–1297 A. D. ) did not extend to the hill country above 457m or the Wet Zone ... Found inside – Page 110... to developmental purposes.177 Sri Lanka has a system of national parks, ... hotspots (Wet Zone) region.178 The most important protected areas include ... Found inside – Page 28The wet zone in southwestern Sri Lanka is relatively malaria free since water logging is ... human activity is heavily dependent on elements of the natural ... People. by SHIRMILEE IRESHA RAJAPAKSE (B.Sc.) in the wet zone of the country. Maps of Sri Lanka showing a Elevation map based on Digital Elevation Model, b Precipitation map showing Wet Zone, Intermediate Zone, and Dry Zone, and c Vegetation map ([], with permission).Black circles in the maps indicate archeological and paleo-environmental sites of the island covered in the studies of reference [].Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon is an island in the Indian … The human activities in private lands are regulated. Ancient Irrigation in Sri Lanka: Starting Small . The natural vegetation too displays diversity and distribution generally in accordance with this division, with some variation within each zone. 200 BCE to 1200 CE); in this sense, the dry zone is deeply shaped by historical human activities. It is now reported from over half the country and almost the entire Dry Zone. Sri Lanka is divided into three agroecological climate zones depending on annual precipitation, including dry zone. Climatic zones of Sri Lanka Rainfall below 1,750 mm - Dry zone 1,750 - 2,500 mm - Inter mediate zone above 2,500 mm - Wet zone 6. Found inside – Page 98... W88-02023 2103 SA Influence of Biological Activity on GAC Performance , W88-02297 2103 5D Survey of Potential ... Botswana , W88-07524 2109 2A 5C DIRKSEN , C. Water and Salt Transport in Daily Irrigated Root Zone , W88-06443 2108 ... Time , and Biomass on Wet Air Regeneration of Carbon , W88-03830 2105 5D DIRNBERGER , J. M. Advective Effects ... Heavy Metal Abundances in the Kandy LakeAn Environmental Case Study from Sri Lanka , W88-06877 2109 5B DILL ... ... many activities identified in the above national plans. It's headwaters being in Sri Lanka's "wet zone" the Mahaweli Ganga flows the whole year through and provides water for agriculture, especially in the eastern dry zone. Email: dg@dwc.gov.lk. Endemic to southwestern Sri Lanka where it is restricted to the Kalu, Bentota, Gin, and Nilwala river basins in the southwestern ‘wet zone’ of the island, with type locality given as ‘Kaluganga River, near Illukvattai ferry on Ratnapura to Gilimalé road, Sabaragamuwa Province’.. The Human–Elephant Conflict (HEC) is widespread in Sri Lanka. There are 14 NPs declared covering the entire range of ecosystems of Sri Lanka. 6 Fig. Water Related Poverty in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Fax: +94 11 2 883 3555 Coastal Zone ! 44 Pages. In 2016, Sri Lanka faced a severe drought period which received record low levels of rainfall from the North East Monsoon which affected all natural and anthropogenic activities in the Dry and Intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Download PDF. Found inside – Page 164... prevalent in some areas of the dry zone of Sri Lanka is suspected to be ... the human body through the food chain,” investigators in Peradeniya, Sri ... Found inside – Page 251The reduction of forest cover has been one of the major threats to biodiversity especially in the wet zone. ... requires policy, legal and institutional interventions, financial and manpower investment and coordination of activities among many government agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations. ... Sri Lanka's biological diversity has sustained human society for countless centuries in myriad ways. Sri Lanka in monsoonal Asia….Despite what national level statistics say, water availability in some districts will be a significant constraint for future social and economic development….. Found inside – Page 132However, arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 ug/l [Sri Lankan standard for drinking ... since they locate in wet zone of Sri Lanka, hence storm water runoff ... In Sri Lanka, the majority of grasslands occur in the dry succession culminates and is maintained at the grassland- zone with an annual rainfall of less than 1675 mm and a dry stage. Janaranjana Herath. However, rules and regulations have been introduced to ensure the maximum protection to wildlife and habitats. the wet zone and severe drought conditions in the dry zone. 1: Spatial distribution of annual rainfall in Sri Lanka 4 Fig. Fig. Sri Lanka's position between 5 and 10 north latitude endows the country with a warm climate, moderated by ocean winds and considerable moisture. 1b). Thushara Ranasinghe. Other zones are the wet zone (high mean annual precipitation over Sri Lanka, formerly called "Ceylon", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. Geographically, there are three climatic zones in Sri Lanka: western and southwestern areas form the wet zone; north-western and western slopes of the central mountain form the intermediate zone; and north, north-east, east and south-east areas form the dry zone (Fig. The ‘wet zone’ of southwestern Sri Lanka is an area receiving annual rainfall of 2000-3000 mm, much of which arrives during the South-West monsoons between March and August. It’s a tropical environment with no significant dry spells or climatic changes, and air temperature is fairly constant throughout the year, ranging from 25 – 27 °C. Sri Lanka has a striking variety of forest types brought about by spatial variations in rainfall, altitude and soil. The human activities in private lands are regulated. The … Geologically, 90% of the island is underlain by high grade metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age. 2: Three major climatic zones of Sri Lanka. in the wet zone of the country. zone is less than 1200 mm [24], average annual evaporation is 1400 mm and average temperature is about 33 °C [25]. Found inside... and Main Activities: - To demarcate ecologically important areas in the Wet Zone ... To identify the potential human uses in Protected Areas which are ... 4: Change of land :man ratio in Sri Lanka over time 10 Fig. View an annotated summary of … The ‘wet zone’ of southwestern Sri Lanka is an area receiving annual rainfall of 2000-3000 mm, much of which arrives during the South-West monsoons between March and August. The four major ethnic groups are the Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims and Burghers. Found inside – Page 263750575 A residential laboratory for the study of human eating behavior . ... India , Nepal , Philippines , Sri Lanka , and Thailand . With a land area of 65,610 square kilometers (km 2) and 1,340 km of coastline, Sri Lanka is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is a small size country divided into three main climatic zones (wet, dry and intermediate) based on average annual rainfall. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science (Forestry and Environment Management). Yet our study concludes that these patterns have … Found inside – Page 137The only category which is restricted to the Wet Zone ( D1 , 2 , 3 ) is the Ilicineae ( Trimen 1893 : 264 - 5 ) . ... it would be futile to hypothesise : considering the stratigraphy , they could even represent human activity during the Holocene . On the ... The rest of Sri Lanka has seasonal rainfall and is known as the ‘dry zone’. INTRODUCTION. The rest of the agro-ecological sub-regions of the Dry zone also support only the Maha crop since Yala rains in those sub-regions are not adequate to meet the evapotranspiration requirements. Sri Lanka has a heterogeneous agro-ecological environment and many workers have made efforts to classify this situation. Human Health! Sugar cane is cultivated in the dry zone, and Sri Lanka produces only 15 percent of what it consumes domestically. Biodiversity in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots identified in the world and has the highest biodiversity per unit area of land amongst Asian countries. The in Sri Lanka is tropical and consists of very distinctive dry and wet seasons. The southwest quarter of the island known as the ‘wet zone’, receives rain throughout the year. Other articles where Wet Zone is discussed: Sri Lanka: Drainage: …catchment is well within the Wet Zone, this river has a larger and less seasonally varied flow than the other Dry Zone rivers and so is a major asset for irrigation in the drier parts of the country (the Dry Zone … Found insideThis report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. The present National Wildlife Policy addresses many of the same issues in updated form, while also adding some points that respond to the evolving needs of Sri Lankan society and the additional mandates of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which Sri Lanka ratified in 1994. Typical examples of the influence of climate and vegetation in the distribution of snakes are: the two species of kraits that inhabit Sri Lanka: Bungarus ceylonicus (Ceylon or Sri Lanka krait) inhabits the wet and intermediate climatic zones from 30 m up to 2000 m above the mean sea level and Bungarus caeruleus (Common krait) is mainly confined to the dry zone plains up to about 300 m. This part of the country characterized by a rainfall of 2500mm to over 5000mm and its year-around warm, wet climate. Indeed, people in Sri Lanka already face the problem of safe drinking water due to the use of chemicals in agricultural activities in the country’s dry zones. The core of this study involved an examination and analysis of certain key features of the traditional small tank cascade systems: a) the location and design of the systems in the past b) the hydro-system which considers the overall ... Figure 1. Water sources are being replenished by the rain except in dry season and unexpected droughts. 2: Three major climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka‘s biodiversity is largely found in the wet zone of the country although the dry forest ecosystems are severely threatened due to development pressures. Island is divided in to two zones; southwest part as wet zone and northwest and southeast as dry zone. 3: Agro-ecological map of Sri Lanka 7 Fig. Found inside – Page 503Tropical rain forests in Sri Lanka: characteristics, history of human impact ... dry zone, but only 9% in the wet zone where Sri Lanka's rain forests occur. Found inside – Page 164A large part of its western boundary is being adversely affected by illegal human activities such as settlement and cultivation ... Horton Plains National Park is the only national park in the wet zone located in the Central Province . ... The great zoologist Sir Ernst Haeckel , on an expedition to Sri Lanka in the 1880s , records vivid descriptions and paintings of Horton Plains including large herds of elephants ... The convention entered into force in Sri Lanka on 15 October 1990. Sri Lanka being a small island of 65,610 square kilometers and a population of 20 million receive fairly adequate rainfall. 3. Sri Lanka, an island in the Indian Ocean, has lagoons along 1,338 km of its coastline. View the Sites in the Ramsar Sites Information Service. Sri Lanka has a striking variety of forest types brought about by spatial variations in rainfall, altitude and soil. Summary of the land policy of Sri Lanka According to the policy document, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the per capita extent of land in Sri Lanka … Groundwater samples were collected from above climatic zones and analyzed for their major anion and cation contents. The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years. 5: Population density by districts in Sri Lanka 17 A thematic history of the causes of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lankan was set out in the Appendix to the 2003 report on Sri Lanka by the World Bank. In Sri Lanka, incidence also decreased among elderly persons, which cannot be explained by asymptomatic infections. Crocodiles, monitor lizards, and Sri Lanka’s largest snake, the python, are also native. As many as 102 species of the birds in Sri Lanka are … Janaranjana Herath. Other ecoregions in Sri Lanka are the Sri Lankan Wet Zone, the Sri Lankan dry zone, the Southwestern Sri Lanka Rivers and Streams, and the Wet and South Indian Shelf. The natural vegetation too displays diversity and distribution generally in accordance with this division, with some variation within each zone. Phone: +94 11 2 888 585. The history of elephants in Sri Lanka dates back thousands of years, when Sri Lanka’s kings owned thousands of them in the royal stables and his subjects were not allowed to capture elephants without his express permission. This zone undoubtedly bares highest amount of the biodiversity in the country. In Sri Lanka’s rivers, Tilapia fish is the dominant group of fishes, and invaded the entire dry zone, most estuaries and lagoons in the dry and wet zones, reservoirs, and rivers of wet zone lowlands up to 600 meters elevation. The temperature can vary from being as low as 16 degrees Celsius in Nuwara Eliya which belo The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical constituents and to determine the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Psidium guajava leaf extracts from dry zone and wet zone of Sri Lanka. Additionally, elephants, as a keystone species, proactively maintain grassland landscapes through their feeding behaviour (p. 36). Excavations carried out in prehistoric caves in the low country wet zone has shown that in the last 50,000 years, the temperature in the lowland rainforests South Asia, and Sri Lanka more specifically, has emerged as a particularly important region for understanding how our species managed to successfully colonize a wide variety of environments among a backdrop of changing climates and interhominin contacts (1–4).As early as the 1980s, it was proposed that microlith technologies alongside bone technologies and ochre use … Background: Leptospirosis is one of the most significant zoonoses across the world not only because of its impact on human and animal health but also because of the economic and social impact on agrarian communities. There are only two flour millers (Prima Ceylon Ltd., and Serendib Flour Mills) operating in Sri Lanka. Uma Oya is one of the major tributaries of Mahaweli River, the longest river in Sri Lanka. Ecosystem [Lands and Land Use (Human Settlement & Infrastructure)] Sri Lanka has identified adaptation is the most suitable way to face climate change issues Some districts in the wet zone with ample per capita water supply will be severely water-scarce in the economic sense so that they will have to develop a The special economic zone in Sri Lanka is set to get a gaming regulation, and the Economic Commission has been tasked with its regulation. A short summary of … Found inside – Page 489It has contributed to the movement of population away from many of the densely populated wet zone areas, where the pressure on land had become more acute, ... Geographically, there are three climatic zones in Sri Lanka: western and southwestern areas form the wet zone; north-western and western slopes of the central mountain form the intermediate zone; and north, north-east, east and south-east areas form the dry zone (Fig. Sri Lanka, though a small island, has greater species diversity per unit area than many other Asian countries. Found inside – Page 55A Sri Lankan Perspective K. Locana Gunaratna ... because the Island has two distinct agroclimatic zones : the Wet Zone and the Dry Zone . Found inside – Page 425Sri Lanka's unique geology and geomorphology have imparted some special characteristics ... is markedly different in the dry zone as against the wet zone. Hans. Found inside – Page 74In Sri Lanka where the contrast of dry and wet climatic conditions exists caused by monsoon activity , that is in the middle western part of Sri Lanka where drastic changes of landscape are seen from the dry zone to the wet zone , we can investigate surface ... Earth System , then we will get to know the Sri Lankan contribution , including land surface changes by anthropogenic agent , to the Earth System . Email: dg@dwc.gov.lk. Table 2: Milk production zones in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka currently has 6 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites), with a surface area of 198,172 hectares. Found inside – Page 97BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT IN SINHARAJA WORLD HERITAGE FOREST H.M. Bandaratillake Forest Department , Battaramulla , Sri Lanka Abstract Covering around 11,000ha ... History and Ethnic Relations Emergence of the Nation. Historical circumstances have favored more groups at … 28 species of Sri Lankan fish species are nationally threatened and nine species are globally threatened. It has an area of 66,000 sq. Found inside – Page 69The Lyre Head Lizard Lyriocephalus scutatus (Vulnerable) is endemic to the southwest wet zone of Sri Lanka. Habitat degradation caused by human activities ... the wet zone and severe drought conditions in the dry zone. Wet zone land parcel is about 20 percent of the total land area and nearly 300 water falls out of total 450 are concentrated in this area Figure 1 (b). IUCN programme on Restoring Traditional Cascading Tank Systems Technical Note # 6 Conservation of Soil Resources of the Kapiriggama Village Tank Cascade System regulating groundwater quality in the three main climatic zones of Sri Lanka known as the wet zone, intermediate zone and dry zone. Found inside – Page 1LANDSCAPE IN TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS INTRODUCTION Bay of Bengal India Indian Ocean reso Sri Lanka Colombo Fig . ... and animal lives and how these resources have been significantly affected by past and the present human activities . ... North - East monsoon Dry Zone Anuradhapura Narid Zone Sigiriya Polonnaruwa Kandy S . Colombo Wet Zone Arid Zone South - West monsoon Fig . Biodiversity in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots identified in the world and has the highest biodiversity per unit area of land amongst Asian countries. •Kandynd2 Largest city • Hilly area • Population: – Residential 150,000/d – Floating 350,000/d – Area 2,645 ha (26.45 km2) •Rely on onsite septic tank The mixture of vegetation types and aquatic habitats in Muthurajawela has made it an ideal eco-zone for a variety of birds. The wet zone rainforests are home to nearly all of the country’s woody endemic plants, and about 75% of … Phone: +94 11 2 888 585. Therefore, it has a rich biodiversity. Found inside – Page 133Developing human resources Though institutions can make the difference between ... and the Wet Zone Drainage Improvement Project in Sri Lanka (action 448). Download Full PDF Package. Found inside – Page 55There are a few ways in which climatic zones within Sri Lanka are defined of which two are frequently used. One defines a Wet Zone in the southwestern ... Sri Lanka’s climate is tropical and consists of distinct wet and dry seasons. Lowland wet zone represents the lands below 1000mm in elevation in the south western parts of Sri Lanka. Plant composition. Sri Lanka is a country with different geographical features. : [14,17]). Sri Lanka is divided into three agroecological climate zones depending on annual precipitation, including dry zone. Found inside – Page 41There is still a lack of data on the impacts of human activities in the coastal hinterland on the coastal morphodynamics in Sri Lanka . ... This may result in unpredictable consequences not only for the coastal zone of Sri Lanka but also for the economy of the whole country . ... Goudie , A. ( 1988 ) , The Human Impact on the Natural Environment , ( England ) . ... Areas of the “ Wet Zone " of Sri Lanka's Uplands with Special Regard to the Problem of Soil Erosion ' , Sri Lankan Forester , Vol . Km in Asia a rainfall of 2,500 mm, mostly during the Holocene ( HEC ) is widespread in Lanka... Declared covering the entire dry zone of Sri Lanka ’ s highest mountain ) and reaches Mahaweli River the. Largest of the islands hill country human activities in wet zone in sri lanka it travels through a … Fig of Master Science... Found in rocky habitats with streams and in the sustenance of the in! Schemes in the wet zone of Sri Lanka ’ s coastal zone contributes percent... Also of years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years inhabited as as. 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