agricultural extension definition

Credit, CIMMYT. Agricultural extension principles are essential in promoting an extension programs as it identified basic issues that are related to the full implementation and undertaking in an extension environment. There is no widely accepted definition of agricultural extension. The transfer of message […] Farmers reported that they had come to know each other better and their relationships became more reciprocal, suggesting the project helped to build ‎build social capital. Agriculture and comprised research and extension, subsidies for a wide range of functions such as soil conservation works, boreholes, housing for farm workers, farm schools, fencing, disaster assistance etc. Hudu Zakaria. Women’s participation in extension is limited by traditional, social and institutional factors. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Agricultural+extension. The proportion of agriculture budgets allocated to extension services varies from country to country, for example, from 5% in Zambia to 50% in Zimbabwe. Both a “way of life” and a “means of life” for the people involved in Cassava roots. Originally derived from «university extension» (Mosher 1976), the term «extension» is … 1 Agriculture Terms & Definitions Adapted from the USDA Acid Soil: A soil with an acid reaction, a pH less than 7.0. In the case of Malawi in the early 1980’s, direct agent-to-farmer extension services cost US$21 per contact and US$4 to US$5 per participant for a one-day ‎‎training course. ADVERTISEMENTS: Read this article to learn about the relationship between Communication, Diffusion, and Adoption. In Ethiopia, poverty was reduced by 9.8% from just 1 agricultural extension visit[13] and in Uganda, increases in extension visits reduced stunting and wasting in children.[14]. Gone are the days, when we used to have agricultural extensionservices, where agricultural experts would visit farmers and advise them on mundane things like soil fertility, appropriate seedlings and crop diseases.These extension services would add value to the yields produced per hectare. Download as PDF. However, in case of developing countries, the role of agriculture extension office increases many folds. The ten examples given below are taken from a number of books on extension published over a period of more than 50 years: 1. Agricultural extension is the service that provides technical advice to farmers, helps farmers acquire required inputs including credit for farming, provides training and evaluates new agricultural technologies on farmers’ fields in close collaboration with farmers, helps link farmers to supply chain and markets, forwards farmers’ concerns and problems to decision makers and thus helps in … Agricultural extension services should support these kinds of initiatives by putting ecological restoration to a larger degree on their agenda and provide expertise in this field. Book Detail: Dimensions of Agriculture Extension Language: English Pages: 118 Author: TNAU Price: Free Instant Horticulture Outlines of Dimensions of Agriculture Extension Education and extension Principles, philosophy processes and objectives of extension Rural development Developmental programmes of pre-independence era Development programmes of post- independence era … [7], In Africa there is an estimated 1 extension worker per 4,000 farmers, compared with 1 per 200 hundred farmers in developed countries. Traditional extension systems focus on increasing agricultural productivity, use a top-down approach and often emphasise the transfer of technology. Agricultural extension and education is an essential tool for the development of integrated agricultural development programs (Shahbazi, 1996). a governmental official employed chiefly to advise farmers on farming and marketing techniques. [8] This ratio falls far below the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommendation of 1 officer for every 400 farmers. Within the donor community, a revitalised and expanded role for advisory and information services is seen as central to pro-poor agricultural growth. This process offers advice and information to help them solve their problems. Agriculture extension officer has a pivotal role in agriculture sector of any country. Farmers were given the initial seed by DZARC on a ‘revolving seed loan,’ a scheme that permits them to repay in equivalent amounts of seed after harvesting. MATF trained farmers to become trainers themselves whilst providing the new trainers with technical backup throughout the process. Cooperative Publications The project led to increased knowledge amongst farmers on improved production methods, including soil and water conservation. [15] Today 75% of Africans own a mobile phone, making it increasingly easier to reach those located in remote rural areas with timely weather forecasts. The dissemination of useful and However, Agricultural Extension can 2. practical information relating to be defined as an on-going process of agriculture and home economics; getting useful information to farmers or rural EXTENSION HANDBOOK Hudu Zakaria f 3 3.. In 2008 the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) started to support Emilia’s small shop through the Mozambique Agrodealer Development project. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension outreach is a partnership between state, federal, and county governments to provide scientific knowledge and expertise to the public. Citation search. A. Habtamu, Credit, ILRI. It emphasizes taking knowledge gained through research and education and bringing it directly to the people to create positive changes. Noun 1. extension agent - an advisor employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics agricultural... Extension agent - definition of extension agent by The Free Dictionary Advisory – the use by farmers of a cadre of experts as a source of advice in relation to specific problems faced by them; Cassava production was revitalised in Uganda through the introduction of 6 disease resistant varieties, produced using techniques such as conventional breeding and hybridisation with local varieties to be resistant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and brown streak virus, with support from the Maendeleo Agricultural Technology Fund (MATF), local government and donors. In agricultural extension, there are also certain principles on which the subject matter is based on. The resulting hybrid, Quncho combines popular a white seed colour from DZ-01-196 with the higher yields from DZ-01-974. These estimates however, do not take into account the costs to beneficiaries which can make the approach relatively costly compared to other types of programme approaches. Found 879 sentences matching phrase "agricultural extension".Found in 24 ms. In fact, extension worker or extension officer is the key component of agriculture sector after a farmer. Scientific research on improved varieties and management practices of tef have, until recently, been little adopted by farmers. These 2 farmers would then grow demonstration plots of cassava that were also used for multiplication and distribution of cassava to the other farmers. Therefore, it can be difficult to communicate or assimilate advice for widespread use. Search agricultural extension and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. A short summary of this paper. Information about biodiversity is increas-ingly important to help farmers farm sustainably and access new markets. Agricultural extension and food security transfers have constituted the bulk of public spending in agriculture in Ethiopia. Uganda’s National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) have also contracted out extension services to the private sector and NGOs. It operates in the industrial, health and education sectors, as well as agricultural and rural development. Credit, Agriculture for Impact, Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Extension also aims to increase the efficiency of the family farm, increase production and generally … Citation search. Importantly, farmers can be encouraged to achieve more with existing resources and prevent the expansion of arable land and to restore those lands that have been degraded. [10], Information on the direct costs and cost-effectiveness of agricultural extension services across Africa is sparse, in part because this is not often evaluated. After years of neglect and disinvestment, there has been renewed emphasis and new approaches to demand-led extension. The Cooperative Services division serves cooperative members, directors, management, educational institutions, organizations, rural residents, and others interested in cooperative-based business. 1965: Agricultural extension has been described as a system of out-of-school education for rural people. Women in particular reaped financial benefits through the sale of cassava, and 43% of new adopters during a 1-year extension phase were women. Emilia now serves 300 farmers and used her profits to buy a sunflower processing machine to produce and sell sunflower oil for cooking. Agricultural extension programmes have been one of the main conduits of addressing rural poverty and food insecurity. Download. Better, reliable and timely information will help farmers become more responsive to price signals and help to expand the reach and impact of extension and advisory services. [1] 1. [16] The Ghana Ministry of Agriculture Extension Service Portal, or the crowdsourcing model of WeFarm communicate a variety of information with farmers exclusively by SMS. Penn State Extension delivers education you can trust. Rural Development Cooperative Grants 3. Search in: Advanced search. Rural Development's Cooperative Services Program promotes understanding and use of the cooperatives to market and distribute agricultural products. Can digital discussion support tools provide cost-effective options for agricultural extension services? Emilia’s customer-base was growing to around 150 customers, so she decided to build a bigger shop. Whilst it is still common for agricultural extension workers to be male and to interact only with men, in recent years there has been growing recognition of women’s role in managing farm households and the importance of female to female communication in the adoption of new farming methods and technologies. Agricultural extension programs improve yields and incomes for farmers. Agricultural Extension Services. Extension can provide farmers with the tools and knowledge they need to adopt new sustainable methods of farming in order to increase their yields, improve their food security and livelihoods and build resilience against climate shocks. SUBSCRIBE. [12] Although government expenditure on extension services has typically been low, evidence from several countries show that agricultural extension is a pro-poor public investment with high returns to poverty reduction. For example, Safaricom Ltd and the Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange collect and disseminate current commodity price information to Kenyan farmers through a low cost SMS provider. Ethiopian women harvesting Teff. Rural Development Cooperative Services 2. Credit, Agriculture for Imapct. ... stay abreast of the latest in Agriculture. First, a complete package of recommended cultural management practices along with the new variety was provided, rather than just the seeds alone. Apart from their conventional role of providing and transferring knowledge in order to increase productivity, new functions include linking smallholder farmers to high value and export markets, promoting environmental outcomes and coping with public health challenges such as HIV/AIDS. Agriculture: The utilization of biological processes on farms to produce food and other products useful and necessary to man. In other words, an objective means a direction of movement before, starting any programme, its objectives must be clearly stated, so that one knows where to go and what is to be achieved. The improved higher yielding varieties tend to produce dark seeds, that are unappealing to consumers. The 1994 Department Reorganization Act, passed by Congress, created CSREES by combining the former Cooperative State Research Service and the Extension Service into a single … Lecture Notes ARG 305 Agricultural Extension Education. 1949: The central task of extension is to help rural families help themselves by applying science, whether physical or social, to the daily routines of farming, homemaking, and family and community living. [2] 1. Most producers live in a world of imperfect information, and are subject to considerable uncertainty with regard to weather conditions, pest attacks, and market options. DZARC and their partners also developed and used a novel agricultural extension approach to improve adoption rates. What is the definition of “urban agriculture”? In addition to poor extension work, farmers have been reluctant to adopt the improved varieties. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the “delivery of information inputs to farmers.” The role of extension services is invaluable in teaching farmers how to improve their productivity. Trained agents visit communities to ensure the dissemination of current best practices, organize cooperatives, and implement secondary programs. However, no African government is currently spending even a tenth of that amount. This way, the farmers receive not only seed, but also a guarantee against the uncertainties regarding the performance of the new crop and associated technology. Extension definition is - the action of extending : state of being extended. Input sales increased from 2 tonnes of seed and 7.4 tons of fertiliser during 2009-2010 to 65 tonnes and 54 tonnes of seed and fertiliser respectively, in the 2014-2015 season. Technology acceptance model revisited for mobile based agricultural extension services in India, Agricultural Encyclopedias and Dictionaries, Agricultural Energy Consumers Association, Agricultural Engineer/Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Engineering and Appropriate Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Engineering Sciences Building, Agricultural Engineering Services Directorate, Agricultural Engineering Technical Information Center, Agricultural Engineering Technology and Business, Agricultural Environmental Management Services, Agricultural Environmental Stewardship Initiative, Agricultural Extension and Adaptive Research Project, Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services, Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Department, Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Research Institute, Agricultural Extension Training Institute, Agricultural Field-Scale Irrigation Requirements Simulation, Agricultural Finance Corporation of Zimbabwe, Agricultural Financial Reporting and Analysis, Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act, Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Geo-Referenced Information System, Agricultural Geographic Information System, Agricultural Ground and Surface Water Management Program, Agricultural Hazardous Materials Transportation Endorsement, Agricultural Hazards Early Warning System. From: Advances in Agronomy, 2013. The PAES would also involve stakeholders from state universities and colleges, as well as civil society organizations to strengthen, In the agricultural sector; the urgent need for a highly effective, ISLAMABAD -- Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Tuesday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for capacity development of, The officials pointed out that the schools have proved highly efficient on the ground, as they help to rehabilitate, We are persuaded that agriculture modernization will not go far without a strong, well-funded, This research applies the same model in the study of mobile based, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, DA to secure $240-million loan from World Bank for rural project, Artificial Intelligence is the answer to food insecurity in the country, NGO calls for more access for women farmers, RESEARCHERS' AND EXTENSION WORKERS' PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH-EXTENSION LINKAGES IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA, Pandeglang Regent Inaugurates Farmers' Smart House in Cipeucang, Deputy Minister of Agriculture meets FAO officials, A collaborative province-led agriculture and fisheries extension model. Objectives of Extension Education The objectives of extension education are the expression of the ends forwards which our efforts are directed. Communication: 1. ‘Communication is derived from Latin word ‘communis’ meaning ‘common’. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. The Pennsylvania State University, 323 Agricultural Administration Building, University Park, PA 16802. Meaning of Extension Education: (i) “Extension education is an applied behavioural science dealing with the desirable changes in the behavioural complex of human beings, through various strategies and programmes, by applying the latest scientific and technological innovations.” All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Emilia with her sunflower oil machine. 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